Thingtlang khaw pakhata
daktawr awm chu lungphu chawlin a thi thut mai a, khaw mipuite chuan an ui em
em mai a. Awmni khamin a khaw mipuite chuan an sun hial a. Hei pawh hi la
duhtawk mai lovin state pum hriat atan chanchinbu lianah te hial an uizia thu
an chhuah a nih chu! He thil hi Assam state-a Nalbari khawbul lawk area pakhata
thil thleng a ni. He thil hian a entir chian em em mai chu- he daktawr leh
mipuite inkarah inpawhna leh thawh hona tha tak a awm tih hi.
Hmanlai Hippocrates, Sushruta leh Charaka te
hunlai atang tawhin medical profession hi hna zahawma ngaih a lo ni daih tawh
mai a. Damlote chuan daktawr te hi Pathian dawttu ang hialin an lo ngai thin a
ni. Hmanlai daktawr thiam Charaka chuan, “
Daktawr chu mi huaisen, mahni inringtawk, dawhthei leh khawngaihna ngah mi a ni
tur a ni a. Nu leh pa, unaute ang hialin damlote chungah a khawsa thin tur a
ni,” a lo ti hial a. Kum 2500 liam tawhah khan Pluto chuan, “ Daktawr leh damlo ten inpawh leh tlangnel
taka damlohna chunga harsatna an sawi dun hian damlo chuan damdawi tha ber a ei
mek ang a ni,” tiin a lo ziak a. Sir William Osler of Oxford pawhin, “ Eng dinhmunah pawh nise, damlo beiseina neih chhun chu lak bo sak tur a ni lo,” a lo
ti ve bawk.
Tun dinhmun han thlir hian a lungawithlak ta tlat lo mai. Eng nge a chhan ni le?
Medical Science hian nasa taka hma a sawn zel avangin hmanrua tha leh
changtlung tak tak a lo piang chhuak zel a. In enkawlna senso pawh a hautak sawt
hle. MRI machine pakhat ringawt pawh hi vaibelchhe tel chin a awm loh chuan
hospital changkang tak pawh a din theih loh tluk a ni ta. Hengte a nih tak
avang hian medical profesion zahawm tak hi hlawk duhna rilru hian a chang chuan
medical services hi sumdawnna hlawk tak chi khat ve maia ngaihte pawh a awl
thin hle mai.
Tunlai chhanah awareness te a that tawh bakah,
lehkhathiamte an lo tam tak zel avangin medical services chungchangah mipuite
pawh kan thikthu a chhe hmain, kan dikna chanvo humhalh duhna rilru kan lo pu
ve ta fur bawk a. PJ Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai a daktawr, Dr.S. Iyer pawhin, “Tunah
chuan damlote pawh mi vengva tak tak, lehkhathiam leh chinchang hre tak tak te
an lo ni tawh a, daktawr te pawh fimkhur lehzual a tulin, inpekna tak tak a tul
zual ta a ni e,” a ti hial bawk a. Pune-a daktawr, Dr.Sanjay Gupta pawhin, “ A chang chuan daktawr te ngei pawh damlote
hnena thupha chawi hun a lo awm ta
zauh zauh mai,” a ti. Hospital-a
hmanrua changkang hmanga enkawl an nih loh avangin damlo thenkhat chu an
lungawi lova, chutiang bawkin enkawlna senso a hautak ang hu-a a result a that
leh si lohvin an lungawi lo fo bawk. Daktawr leh damlo inlaichinna chungchangah
hian tunhma atangin dan a lo awm daih tawh a. Entirna: Tort’s law, Helsinki Code
(1964) revised in 1975, Medical ethics of Medical Council of India( 1970) etc.
Daktawr- Damlo inlaichinna chungchang hi chik zawka zirchiang tur chuan point 4
ah a then theih a, chungte chu:
1)Paternalistic
2)Mutuality
3)Consumerist
4)Default
Tunhma
a an lo inlaichinna chu Paternalistic type hi a ni a. Pa berin a fate thununa
an chunga thuneihna a lekkawh ang hian damlote chuan zawhna nei lem lovin
daktawr thurawn chu a kip a kawiin a zawm tawp mai a ni;daktawr chu hre ber
tura ngaih a nih avangin. A chhânna awm chhun chu ‘Aw’ leh ‘Aih’ a ni tawp mai.
Ama taksa mah nise damlo chuan a taksa enkawl danah chuan thu tlemte bak sawi
theih a nei lova. Daktawr kutah a tlu lut tawp mai a ni. Hemi anih avang hian
daktawr mawhphurhna pawh a sang bik hle a ni. Hun a rawn kal leh deuh a,
mutuality inlaichinna a rawn piang a. Hetah hi chuan a natna hmuhchhuahah leh a
enkawl dan turah daktawr leh damlote chuan sawi hona hun an hmang tlang thin a,
thutlukna siamtu an nih tlan ang bawkin mawhphurhna kengtu an ni ve ve bawk.
Consumerist
inlaichinna a rawn piang ve leh a. Hetah hi chuan paternalistic letling
chiahin, damlo chuan thutlukna a siam thung a. Entirnan:-Daktawrin tul lutuka a
hriat loh pawhin damlovin a duh tlat
chuan zai pawh tih theih a ni thin. Daktawr chu damlo thupek nghakin a awm a ni
deuh ber mai. Default ve thungah hi chuan daktawr chuan damlo chu a natna
enkawl dan turah thutlukna siam turin zalenna zau tak a pe a. Mahse damlo chuan
thutlukna a siam theih mai loh avangin tha a tih ang bera thutawp siam turin
daktawr chu zalenna a hlan let ve thung a. Daktawr chuan thutlukna khirh tak
chu a lo siam ta thin a ni.
Daktawr leh damlo inlaichinna kawngah hian daktawr te chauh hian
mawh an phur em le? Teuh lo mai. An pahnihin tih tur hrang v eve an nei zawk a
ni. Tunlai Science-a hmasawnna nasat ang zelin mipuite beiseina pawh a sang ve
zel a. Amaherawhchu, thil pakhat kan hriatreng tur chu - Medical Science hi
Biological Science a ni a, tawp chin a nei ve tih hi. Daktawr ten nasa takin thawk mahse, natna
zawng zawng hi tihdam a ni vek kherlo tih hi. A chhan chu,natna leh thihna hi
hringnunah hian a beh tel tlat vang a ni. ‘ Sawm
thah niah pawh vawikhat lungngaih chu a awm châwk,’ tih ang deuh khan. Kan
natna an tihdam theih loh avanga daktawr chunga thinur hi kan tih loh tawp tur
a ni. Natna zawng zawng hi tidam vek thei nise chu daktawr nupui sûn leh
daktawr thi an awm hauh lovang le. Daktawr leh damlote hi then hran theih loh
an ni a. Pawisa tlâng leh lamin tlâng lehlam a nei zel ang hi a ni. Inlaichinna tha tak nei tur chuan
communication leh counselling te hi a pawimawh hle ang.
General Medical Council ( GMC) of UK
chuan daktawrte zawm tur guideline a siam a, chungte chu:
*
I damlo enkawl chu i ngai pawimawh hmasa ber tur a ni.
*
Damlote rin ngam turin i khawsain, i rintlak bawk tur a ni.
*
Damlote leh vantlang hriselna i chawikangin, an tan i rilru i hmang reng tur a
ni.
*
I profession hi i practice hnem tur a ni.
*
I thiamnate utawk tûr vawn mai lovin, i hmang tangkaiin, i zir thar zel tur a
ni.( up to date).
*
Damlo i enkawl chhung chuan i rilru zawng zawngin i thawkin, i duty hun chhung
chu i hmang full ngei tur a ni.
*
I damlote thatna tur anih dawn phawt chuan nang aia thiam zawk an awm a nih
chuan râwn hreh suh ang che.
*
I damlote chu duat takin enkawl la, an dikna leh chanva te i zah sak bawk tur a
ni.
*
Tawngkam mawi leh hawihhawm takin damlote chu i enkawl thin tur a ni.
*
Damlovin thup duh a neih phawt chuan i zawt chuak kher tur a ni lo.
*
I damlo enkawl nen chuan in thawk dun tur a ni.
*
I damlo thusawi chu uluk taka
ngaithlain, an zawhna neihte tha takin i chhang thin tur a ni.
*
Damloin hriat duh a neih chuan an hriatthiam theih dan turin i sawifiah sak tur
a ni.
*
Damlo thutlukna siam chu i zahsak tur a ni.
DAKTAWRTE TIH NGEI TUR
*
I qualification/training/experience/designation te prescription paper-ah ziah
lan ngei tur a ni. Qualification han tih hian Indian Medical Degree Act-in a
pawm theih degree/ diploma te a ni.
*
Damloin a natna lai a sawi chu ngaithla ngawt lovin,i kut ngeiin I khawih tur a
ni. Stethoscope i hmang ngei tur a ni.
*
Uluk takin ngaithla la, chik takin en vel la, fing takin zawhna zawt ang che.
*
Damdawi hming chiang takin ziak lang thin ang che. A eidan dose leh ei dan tur
leh hunbi te i hre dik ngei tur a ni. I ziak lang bawk tur a ni a. Lamtawi pawh
i duh chuan i hmang thei ang.
*
Dan kalh zawngin medical Science hi i practice tur a ni lo.
*
I documents neih reng reng uluk takin i vawng tur a ni.
DAKTAWRTE TIH
LOH TURTE
*
Nang leh i damlo enkawl inkarah sakhuana, hnam, thlah, party, politics, social
status i ngai pawimawh tur a ni lo.
*
Damlovin a natna a sawi chu i awih nghal mai tur a ni lova. Nangmah ngeiin
check velin, a natna awmdan atangin a
natna dik tak hmuh chhuah i tum tur a ni.
*
Engkim hre vekah i inngai tur a ni lo.
*
I qualification/theihnain a tlin bak chu i khawih tur a ni lo.
*
Zanah nurse duty-in an rawn koh che chuan i kal ngei tur a ni. I dam a nih
chuan chhuanlam i siam tur a ni lo.
*
Laboratory Test tih laiin i hamhaihin i chi-ai tur a ni lo.
*
Uchuak taka mahni infak ( advertise) leh inzawrh i ti tur a ni lo.
*
Drugs emaw zu ngawlvei i ni tur a ni lo.
*
Medical science-a thiamna neive lote i hnathawhna hmuna hruaiin i tih tir ve
chhin tur a ni lo.
*
Mahni hlawkna tur umin damdawi siamtu company leh zuartute nen inlaichinna
tenawm tak i nei tur a ni lo.
*
Damlo emaw, a chhungte nen emawa mipat hmeichhiatna tenawm tak hman hi dânin a
phal loh mai bakah i hna atanga paih theih ini tih i hre tur a ni.
*
Mahni dinhmun remchanga hmanga I thawhpuite chunga mawi lo taka chet hi dân
phal loh thil a ni.
DAMLOTE TIH VE TUR
*
A hmasa berin daktawr leh damdawi in pan tur dik leh tha a thlang fel phawt tur
a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan a chungah rinna a nghat ngam bawk tur a ni.
*
Natna leh a kaihhnawih hrang hrang leh family background te felfai taka daktawr
hrilh vek tur.
*
Operation/procedure a hlauhawm dan a hrethiam ve tur a ni.
*
Mi thusawi lêngvak mai mai, miten damdawi tha em ema an sawite pawh daktawr
rintlak tak sawi a nih loh chuan rin nghal mai zel loh tur.
*
Medical Science thiamna nei lote thuziak leh chhuahte rin nghal bur loh tur.
*
Daktawr damdawi chawhte hriatchian loh neih chuan chiang taka zawh leh mai thin
tur a ni. Inthlahrunna chi a ni lo.
*
Harsatna nasa zawk leh thihna hial a lo thlen pawhin daktawrte mawhpuh ngei
ngei kher loh tur a ni.
*
Daktawr te thatchhiat vang a nih leh nih loh hriatchian tum vat zawk tur.
Daktawrte inthlahdah vanga harsatna lo
thleng a nih chuan Court-ah a khin theih tih hriat tur a ni.
MEDICAL
NEGLIGENCE
Assamese
nu pakhat chu a mît paihsak ( Cholecystectomy) a ni a. A zaitu daktawr chuan a
zaina lamah bile duct chu a chemte hriam tak mai chuan chhetein a tai thler
palh a. He hliam hi a rei hnu chuan khir
( gangrene) rawn insiamin, chu chuan Thin atanga mît tui ( Bile) rawn luang chu
lo dang buaiin natna hrang hrang- Thau lam ei theih lohna te, mitliam (
Jaundice) hialte a lo neih phah ta a. A hnu kum 5-ah chuan he nu hian a
inentirna lamah daktawr fel tak puihna zarah a lo hre chhuak ta a. Kum 5 lai
liam tawh mahse, Court-ah thubuai thehlut leh hnuhnawhin Court chuan Medical Evidence fel tak a hmuh hnu chuan a
zaitu daktawr chu he nu enkawlna tur senso zawng zawng tum sak turin thutlukna
a siam ta hial a ni.
Medical profession hian mawhphurhna sang tak a
keng tel a; chuvang chuan tupawh he line-a kal te chuan Dân-in an laka a beisei
( Duties) hi an hriain an zawm ngei tur a ni. India ram bikah chuan daktawr te
khawsak phunga Indian Medical Council a
lungawi loh chuan warning notice pein, Daktawr
te nihna hlih sak leh medical practice
phal tawh loh thlengin action a la theiin a la thin bawk.
DUTIES OF MEDICAL PRACTITIONER:-
1)Duty to
exercise a reasonable degree of skill and knowledge.
Daktawr chuan a thiamna phu tawk ang zelin
damlo a enkawl tur a ni. A thlawna a enkawl pawhin a inthlahdah phah chuang tur a ni lova. A
thiamna chu tupawhin ang khat vekin an chhawr thei tur a ni. A theih tawka
thain a thawk tur a ni.
2) Duties with regard to
attendance and examination.
Daktawrin enkawl a lo tiam tawh chuan a tul
chhung chu a damlo chu a enkawl tur a ni. A laklawhah a chawlhsan mai tur a ni lo.
Damlovin a enkawlna dawn tul tawh lova a hriat chuan a chawlhsan chauh ang.
Amaherawhchu hengte hi a thleng anih chuan a chawlhsan thei bawk-
a)Daktawr
chu a damlohvin.
b)Damlo chu tider mai a lo nihin.
c)A damdawi chawh aia midang chawh damlo chuan a ei
duh zawk tlatin.
d)A thurawnte damlo chuan a zawm duh tlat lohvin.
e)A remtihna tel lova damlo chuan daktawr dang
enkawlna a dawnin.
Daktawr
chuan a damloh avanga enkawl zawm thei dawna a inhriat loh chuan daktawr dang,
rintlak leh thiam tak a damlo tan chuan a zawn sak tur a ni.
3)Duty to
furnish proper and suitable medicines.
Daktawr
chuan damdawi tha tak a neih nghal chuan damlo chu a kawhhmuh nghal mai
tur a ni a. A nei lo a nih pawhin, felfai takin prescription a siam sak tur a
ni.
4)Duty to
give instructions.
Daktawr chuan damlo emaw, a awmpuitute
hnenah ei tur tha leh a damdawi chawh te eidan tur dik leh fel tak a kawhhmuh
thin tur a ni. Side effect awmthei zawng
zawng te hrilhlawkin, chumi a lo thleng a nih pawha rang taka daktawr pan vat tura
hrilh hriat tur a ni.
5) Duty to
third parties.
Damlo chuan inkaichhawn awlsam ( infectious
diseases) a nei a nih chuan daktawr chuan damlo chhungte, hnathawhpui te adt.
Hnenah fimkhur a tul thu a hrilh hre ngei tur a ni.
6) Duty
towards children and adults incapable of taking care of themselves.
Naupang leh puitling, mahni inbuaipui thei
lo te enkawl lai hian fimkhur hle tur a ni. Naupangte enkawl laia tuilum ip
hman theihnghilh palh hian chhiatna nasa zawk, kâng hial a thlen thei a ni.
7) Duty to
inform patients of risks.
Inenkawlnaah emaw,operation-ah emaw a chhe
ber thleng thei te chu damlovin hriat a duh chuan daktawr chuan thu dik tak
chiang takin a hrilh thin tur a ni.
8) Duty with
regard to poisons.
Tûr reng reng hi fimkhur taka khawih tur a
ni a. Bur-ah dah that a, fel taka chhinchhiah a, naupang khawih phak loha dah
hran thin tur a ni. Tûr ei palh chungchangah daktawr chuan rang takin enkawlna
a pe nghal tur a ni.
9) Duty to
notify certain diseases.
Daktawr-te hi public health authorities-te
hnenah hri hlauhawm lêng te, nau piang thar leh thihna te a ranglama report pe
lut tura beisei an ni.
10) Duties
with regards to Operations.
a)Damlo remtihna a la hmasa tur a ni a, zai a
tul dan leh a nasat dan tur a hrilhfiah tur a ni.
b)A
fimkhur hle tur a ni a, damlo zai tur dik tak, taksa dinglam nge veilam,adt.a
hrefiah hmasa tur a ni.
c)Daktawr chuan zai tura damlo remtihna a
hmuh hnuah midang kutah a hlanchhawng mai tur a ni lo.
d)Tunlai thiamna mil zelin a inzir thar tur
a ni.
e)Hmanraw thianghlim ( sterilised
instrument) a hmang ngei tur a ni.
f)Taksa chhungah hmanrua a theihnghilh
thiang lo.
g)Zai zawh hnuah duhtawk mai lovin, a enkawl
zui zel dan tur a kawhhmuh tur a ni.
11) Duties
under Geneva Conventions.
Mihring tawh phawt chu, ramdang mi emaw,
hmelma sipai emaw, prisoner of war emaw pawh ni sela, enlawlna mamawh tawh
phawt chu thliar hranna awm lovin a enkawl tur a ni.
12) Duty in
connection with X-Ray examination.
A theih chhung chu accident naa hliamte chu
( chhete tak tak a nih loh chuan) X-Ray hmanga enfiah vek tur a ni. A dik lo a
X-Ray thlalak hrilhfiah leh enkawlna pek hi medical negligence a ngaih a ni.
PROFESSIONAL
SECRECY:-
Damlo thuruk zawng zawng chu a remtihna lo chuan daktawr chuan midang
hnenah a sawi chhuak thiang lo ( Damlo chu rilru lama buai a nih loh chuan).
Damlo remtihna lo chuan daktawr chuan damlo chhungte hnenah pawh a natna
chungchanga zawhna an neihte chu a chhang mai tur a ni lo. A enkawlna senso tumtu pawh nimah sela, nupa
karah pawh ni rawh se, damlo ramtihna lak hmasak phawt a ngai. Pasalin a nupui
a nih vang maiin a nupui natna chungchanga thuruk awm te a nupui remtihna lo
chuan daktawr a zawtin a nei thiang lo a ni.
Dân hmaah chuan thiam loh chang a ni ngei ang. Chutiang bawkin damlo
thuruk chu a pu ( employer) chuan tihluihna hmanga a hriat ngawtna dan a awm
lo, damlo phalna la hmasa lo chuan.
A chunga point tlemte atang khian daktawr
te mawhphurhna sanzia kan hre awm e. Tunah chuan an dikna chanvo lo sawi ve
thung ila:-
DAKTAWR TE DIKNA CHANVO:-
1) Damlo
pakhat aia tam an awm chuan damlo enkawl turah duh a thlang thei.
2) Medical
profession hi eizawnna atan a hmang thiang.
3) Damdawi
an hmang/zuar thiang.
4) Damdawi
hlauhawm (poisonous drigs) pawh an kawl thiangin, a tul chuan damlo te an chawh
thei.
5) An
hmingah an title, degree,adt. An da thei.
6) Anmahni
râwn man an bithliah thiang.
7) Public
leh local hospital khawi hmunah pawh rawih theih an ni.
8) Medical
certificate an siam thei.
9) An
duh chuan Court-a thuhretu ( Juror) anga ruatna/kohna an hnar thei.
Tunah chuan mipui/damlo chanvo ve thung-
DAMLOTE DIKNA CHANVO:-
1) A
duh ber daktawr a panin a rawn thiang.
2) Health
care facilities hmuh theih zawng zawng te , emergency service te a dawng thei
vek.
3) Inthliarhranna
awm lova, duat tak leh hmangaih, uluk leh fimkhur taka enkawl hi a chanvo a ni.
4) Thu
zêp duh a neih phawt chuandawktawrin a zawtin, a puandarh sak thiang lo.
5) A
natna chungchang leh thil dangte a ruka vawn sak tlat hi a dikna chanvo a ni.
6) A
natna diagnosis, investigation leh treatment zawng zawng hriat vek a duh chuan
a zawt theiin, a zawhna tha tak leh dik taka chhanna pek hi a dikna chanvo a
ni.
7) Nitina
a hmasawn chhoh dante hi a hriat duh chuan a hre ve thiang a ni.
8) Daktawrin
ti tura a tih thenkhat hi a hnial ve thiang.
9) A
natna leh enkawlna dan record sak leh a hriat duh hrilh hi a chanvo a ni.
10) Enkawl
chhunzawm a duh tlat chuan hnial sak tur a ni lova, a dikna chanvo a ni.
11) A
nuam thei ang bera enkawlna pek hi a dikna chanvo a ni.
12) A
complain theiin a sawisel thiang bawk.
13) Enkawl
khawloh a nih chuan( medical negligence) zângnadawmna a dawng ngei tur a ni.
Awle,
a chunga point hrang hrang tarlan te khi a then a zar chauh a ni tih hria ila.
Daktawr leh damlo inlaichinnaah hian point tam tak tarlan tur leh dânin a sawi
tam tak a awm a. Daktawr leh damlote hian tihtur kan nei ve ve a. Daktawr tan
enkawl tlem lutuk emaw, nasat lutuk a awm thei a. Chutiang bawkin damlo te tan
thuawihna tur kawmg a awm ve bawk a ni. Daktawr leh Damlote hi tangruala inzahtawn tur kan lo ni e.
Ziaktu: Joel Lâiremsanga,
Final Year MBBS.
Gauhati Medical College & Hospital; Guwahati.
Date: 9th July, 2011 (Saturday, 2:00 pm)
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