OPEN LETTER TO PU C. LALSIAMTHANGA

                                           

To

Pu C. Lalsiamthanga

Associate Professor,

Govt. Champhai College

Subject :                “ 'Zawlzawng’ lehkhabu chungchang”

I lehkhabu ziah, “Zawlzawng” tihah khan a kawm hnung lamah he thu hi a awm thu ralkhat atangin ka lo hria a-

''Kan sawi tak zinga lang Hringlang Tlang, Lunglohtui leh Hawilopar, thlarau kalkawnga thil awm nia sawi thinte hi tunhma leh tun thlenga Ruantlang khaw ram chhung,tuna Mualkawi khua atanga hla lote-a awm Tuichhin Tlang leh a chheh vela awm anga Mizo mipui min pawmtir tum ni awm taka tan lakna a awm a,a pawi hle. Thangthar zelin tak tak emaw an tih a hlauhawm a; Mizo hnam tan thil pawi a ni thei.''

A chhung thu chhiar hma hauhin he thu point hnih hi ka’n tarlang ange:-

1.    Mualkawi luahtute hian kan khaw Hostory hi theihtawkin kan hre chiang ve tawk a ni. I lehkhabu ziahah he khaw chanchin hi huaisen takin thu dik lem lo pawh i rawn tarlang hmiah mai a.  I hriatna hnar hi khawngaih taka min hrilh theih chuan ka lawm khawp ang.  I ziakna dawhkan atanga mahni thlir dan satliah chawinung tura chawifung i lek mai a nih a, he khua luah mektute ngei rawn lova tarlann a nih   erawh chuan he khua i tham lohzia tarlangtu tha tak a ni ang. Mit leh beng ngeia he khaw History lo chenchilh tawhtu thenkhatte hi an la cheng ve a ni a, an zahawm hle mai. History reng reng a rintlakna tarlangtu ber chu a hrephakte thu leh hla lak a nih danah a ni si a.

Hman kum lawka Govt. Champhai High School-in an Silver Jubilee Souvenir siamah khan an Madam pakhat khan, “Champhai District chhunga hmun pawimawh leh an awmnate” tih a ziahah chuan, “Hringlang Tlang, Lunglohtui leh Lungrahbuk te chu Hruaikawn ramah a awm” tiin a rawn ziak tawh a. Kha pawh kha ngawi rengin kan en liam mai mai tawh a. Tun hnaia i lehkhabu leh zela kan khaw ram leh a chhunga awm ngei khaw dang ta anga i rawn tarlang hi chu ngawih liampui a har ta a ni.

Mualkawi hi Pu Vanhnuaikhuma’n a thut a, fapa pawh pahnih a nei a ni. A fapa Pakeia chuan Ruantlangah tlang hrang a chang a; Biakkunga erawh chuan Mualkawiah hian lalna a chang thung. Tuichhin Tlang-a khawdin leh lal ni chho ta Pi Khuanglianthangi pawh kha Mualkawi lal Vanhnuaikhuma leh Khuangleng lal Vaihleia te farnu a ni nghe nghe a, kum 1910 – 1926 chhung khan ro a rel a ni.  Heng an tu leh fa thenkhatte pawh vawiin niah hian biakrawn theihin an la awm a; tin, nu leh pa tam tak pawhin an la hre fiah khawp mai a. Hetah hian sawi vek a remchan loh avangin a duh tan chuan ziak ngei pawhin he khua atang hian a hawn theih e.  Ruantlang leh Mualkawi chu tlang hranga a lo chan tak avangin ram ri mumal tak pawh an siam nghe nghe a. Nimahsela vanduaithlak tak maiin an lehkha chu Lal In kangah a lo ral vek mai a, a uiawm takmeuh meuh a ni. Vawiin thlenga Mualkawi khua hi Ruantlang ram chhunga awm anga sawi hi chu dawt lawt lak, thu belhchian dawl lo a ni. Ruantlang khua aiin Mualkawi khua hi a upa zawk daih tih hi hriat tel  pawh a tha e.

2.   “Kan ram chhung ngeia awm leh kan ta Tuichhin Tlang leh a chhehvela Hringlang Tlang, Lunglohtui, Lungrahbuk, etc.hi Mualkawi khuaah ngei hian a awm a, hei lo hi hmun dangah a awm loh avangin Sorkar-ah pawh tlakzeh tum vat tur a ni” tih rilru pu kan nih i  hriat dan chu khawngaihin min han hrilh teh.

Kan Tuichhin Tlang leh a chhehvela hmun hmate hi ngun taka kan thlir hnuah kan Pi leh Pute suangtuahna leh ngaihruat thin mitthi thlarau kalkawng nena a inkungkaih chhoh dan chhui pawlte hmalaknain kum 10 chuang liam taah khan a khuain Documentary Film tlawm tak kan siam a. Chu chuan Sorkar beng lo thlengin anni leh khawchhunga mi thahnemngai tak te zarah lo arh chho zelin chei leh tuaihnum a lo hlawh a, vawiin ni hi a lo thleng ta hial a ni zawk. “Heng hmun hmate hi a tak tak a ni e,” kan ti bik hauh lo. 

A hmun hma dik tak leh a nihna chu i hriat chuan han chhui la, a dik tak a nih phawt chuan mizo tupawhin kan pawmpui thei ngei ang che. Thinlung lawm taka pawmpui thei lotu che chuan thil tak tak hlutna a pawh pha lo tihna a ni mai awm e. Mi tute’n emaw helam hawi zawnga ke an pen lo thlirzau puitu ni lova lo tihthuanawm ngawr ngawr tum ang zia zanga hmalakna hi chuan rah duhawm a chhuah lul lovang. Dik leh tha ni-a kan hriat chu mahniin chhui sup sup ila, inhrilhzausak pawh uar ila, a dikna hriatchhuah phahna pawh a ni zawk ngei ang. Room-mate-in lehkha a zir peih em em laia, mahni’n zir peih ve si loh avanga College hotute hnena Exam hun sawn tura lo buai ve sek thin zirlai a awm theih thu an sawi thinte pawh ka hrechhuak hial mai!  Fiara Tui thuhruk awmna chungchanga buaina awm neuh neuh pawh hi a awmna dik tak hrechiang kel kawl thei awm ila chu vawiin ni ang em em hi chuan kan la chingchivet lo ang maw le. . Tuichhin Tlang leh a chhehvela hmunhma kan cheibawl te hi a dik ber a ni tiin Mizo mipuite hi pawmluihtir kan tum lo; thangthar zelte’n an pawm ngheh bur hlau tan chuan huaisen takin ke pen chhuak mai sela, chutiang mi chu he hnam hian a thlir reng zawk a ni e.

Heng ka thukente hi Mualkawi khaw mipuite aw chu a ni hauh lova, keima mimal aw liau liau a ni e. Chutihrual erawh chuan he lehkhabu kawm hnunglama thubet tlemte mai pawh hian he khaw mipuite hi a sawi che thlawt a ni tih erawh kan hriat loh ka duh lo ve.

                                        I rintlak,

 Joel Lairemsanga

Home Address : Mualkawi

Current Address : Guwahati

Dated Guwahati,  9/7/13

IRHFIAK

IRHFIAK chu engnge ni?

Irhfiak hi kan hamda/duarda/rang (Diaphragm)  hi kan duh leh thunun reng vang ni lova a lo sawng/tawm (contract) vang niin, aw siamtu (vocal cords) leh a inkar awng (glottis) hi a inkharphui tlat  bawk vang a ni.

IRHFIAK awmna chhante:-

# Chaw leh thildangte hmanhmawh lutuka ei vangin.

#  Kan hamda (Diaphragm) thununtu nerve (Phrenic nerve) chiangkuan loh vangin a lo awm thei a. Tumour, awm bawr  zai (Surgery of Thorax) leh lung natna chi khat (Pericarditis) te hian Phrenic nerve hnathawh hi an tibuai thei thin a ni.

#  Rilru lam fel loh/chiangkuan loh avang pawhin a awm thei.

# Lung natna chi khat (Myocardial infarction) pawh hian a thlen thei.

IRHFIAK enkawl dan:

Mizopa chuan irhfiak chu dawt inhrilh hian a reh duh ti tein kan inhrilh thin a. Nimahsela keini aia zir thuk zawk Scientist-te sawi hi zawm a fuh zawk ang. Hetiangin-

         - Tui vawt deuh raih in tur.

·        - Mitmu hi na lutuk lova hmeh tur.

·        - Lei (Tounge) pawh thin tur.

·        - Polythene/Balloon ham puar a tha.

·       - Phrenic nerve dik lo chu Procaine hmangin a    enkawl theih.

·        Damdawi hman theihte chu:-

·         

@ Chlorpromazine 25-50 mg a eia ei emawin.

@ Domperidone 10 mg, nikhatah vawi thum.

@ Xylocaine viscus 15 mL, nikhatah vawi thum

HNARTHI ( EPISTAXIS)

              Hnarthi hi emergency case a ni fo a, enkawl vat tur a ni. Natna dang vanga lo awm a nih leh nih loh erawh hriat tum vat a tha.
 

          Hnar hi thisen zam tam takin a chawm a, chuvangin a thi hma em em bik a ni. Naupang lam a hnarthi lo chhuahna lai ber chu ‘Little’s area’ tih a ni a. Kan hnar kaw dai dangtu hnuai lam leh hma lam, kut zungtang a han khawih phak mai a awm a ni. Helai hmun hi thisen zam pali- Anterior Ethmoidal artery, Septal branch of superior labial artery, Septal branch of superior sphenopalatine leh Greater palatine artery te’n an chawm a. Heng thisen zam inzawm khawm te hi Kesseilbach’s plexus tih a ni. Helai hmun hi a ualau a, pawnlam boruak a hnaih bawk a, han khawih mai a awlsam  bawk nen, a thi duh em em a ni.

Hnarthi chhan tlangpui te:-

1.Hnar kaw chhung dik lohna avangin.

-Hliam, pilh, hahchhiau vak vak.

-Sinus na, TB

-Bawlhhlawh tang

-Thilnung lut. Eg. Vangvat, hlit, etc.

-Hnar chhung cancer

-Boruak inthlak danglam thut

2.Natna dang vangin

-Lunglam that lohna

-BP sang

-Thisen cancer, Vitamin K tlakchham leh Vitamin C tlakchham vangin.

-Thin lam tha lo

-Kal lam tha lo

-Nachhawkna eg.Aspirin, ei uar vangin

-Hritlang, tangseh, sentut leh malaria

3.Chhan hriat loh.

Enkawl dan:

1.First Aid-

          Kan sawi tak ‘Little’s area’ hi hnarthi tamna a nih tlangpui avangin kut zungtanga hnar chu minute 5 vel hmeh phui tur. Vur a deh pawh a tangkai hle. Vur hian thisen zam a tisawng te a, thi a tawp tir thin.

2.Anterior Nasal packing ( Hnar chhung hnawh)-

          Hnarkaw chhungah ribbon gauge meter khat vela sei leh centimetre 2.5 vela sei paraffin a chiah tur a ni a, fimkhur taka hnar kaw chhunga hnawhluh tur a ni. Darkar 24 hnu vela lak chhuah leh tur. Hetianga hnarthi enkawl a nih chuan antibiotics pek tel ngei ngei tur a ni. Hei hian natna dang, entir nan sinus na lo awm tur kha a veng thei a ni.

3.Posterior Nasal packing-

          Hnar chhung lam, hrawk lam atanga hnawh ve thung tur a ni. Hetianga enkawl ngai a nih chuan hnarthi chu thisen sang vang a nih thin avangin damdawiin a admit tur a ni.

4.Enkawl dan dangte-

(a) Arterial ligation- thisen zam tawn pin/ tawn phui

(b) Cauterization

(c) Endoscopic cautery- endoscope hmanga  hnarthi na lai thisen tih khal.

(d) SMR (Submucous Resection)-hnar zai dan chi khat.

Invenna lam:

 (a) Hnar kheuh loh tur. Nu leh pa ten kan fate hnar khawih/kheuh lo tura zirtir tur a ni.

 (b) Hnar a ben, hnek loh tur a ni.

 (c) Hmun ro leh khu lutuka awm loh tur. Ni sa do vak  vak loh tur.

 (d) Hnarthi hi natna dang vang a nih theih avangin Doctor( Medical) rawn vat tur a ni.          

         

PUMPUI ULCER

Kan  ka ( mouth), chaw  kawng, pumpui  leh ril te hi  gastrointestinal  tract an ti a. Gastrointestinal tract hi  tisa mur ( gastrointestinal mucosa)  -in a tuam chhuak leh vek a ni. Kan hriat angin  kan thil ei te pai tawih awlsamtir turin pumpui hian  acid a tichhuak ve a ( ie.pepsin, hydrochloric acid).  Acid hi a siam chhuah tam lutuk chuan  gastrointestinal mucosa te hi acid hian a lo ei ral emaw a lo ei hlum  ta thin a, hei hi  ‘ Peptic Ulcer’  kan tih chu a ni. Peptic  ulcer hi  gastrointestinal tract khawiah pawh  hian  awm thei mahse rilfang( Duodenum) –ah leh pumpui-ah a awm hnem ber a ni. Mi tam tak hian peptic ulcer leh gastritis hi kan hriat pawlh fo niin a lang. Pum nuam lo leh pumpai nuam lo riauva awm si; mahse taksa chhung enna khawl hmang pawha  a dik lohna hmuh tur awm si lo leh clinical signs  fel fai tak awm  bawk si lo hi  Gastritis chu an ti.

# Peptic ulcer  hi  chi hnihah a then theih a, chungte  chu:-

A. Acute  Peptic (stress)  Ulcer

B. Chronic Peptic Ulcers ( Gastric and Duodenal).

    

 Tunah chuan a mal te tein i lo  bih thuak thuak chauh teh ang u.

A. ACUTE  PEPTIC ( stress)  ULCERS

He  ulcer-ah hi chuan  zim te te-ah  mucosa te  ei rala awmin hmun tam takah a inzarpharh a. Pumpui-ah a hluar ber a; Duodenum-ah pawh a awm  ve zauh zauh thin.

# A thlentu:

 (1)Psychological stress- Rilru hah nei nasa te tan Acute peptic ulcer neih a awlsam em em.

  

(2)Physiological stress- 

                                      * Shock

                                      * Taksa hliam nasat vangin.

                                      * Septicaemia

                                      * Kang (burns) vangin

                                      * Damdawi- aspirin, steroids, butazolidine,   

                                           Indomethacin etc. pawngpaw ei nasat     

                                           lutuk vangin.

                                       *Zu leh zuk leh hmuam vangin.

                       

B. CHRONIC PEPTIC ULCERS ( Gastric and Duodenal ulcers)                        

Chronic peptic ulcer han tih ringawt hi chuan  gastric ulcer leh duodenal ulcer te a huam ve ve a ni.

# A thlentu:

(1)Natna hrik chi khat  Helicobacter pylori  infection vangin a lo awm thei.

(2)Gastritis nei nasa te tan chronic peptic ulcer neihna chance hi a sang hle.

(3)Pumpuiin Acid-pepsin a siam hnem lutukin.

(4)Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) an tih heng Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Paracetamole, Nimesulide, etc. te hian chronic ulcer thlenna kawngah direct effect an nei.

(5)Hmuihmer tamna  leh um tawih ei leh in te, zuk leh hmuam leh zu te hian an thlen ve bawk.

* Gastric ulcer leh Duodenal  ulcer danglamna i lo thlir teh ang.-

(1) Duodenal ulcer hi gastric ulcer aiin a let 4 in a hluar zawk.

(2) Duodenal ulcer hi kum 25-50 inkar zingah a hluar a;  Gastric ulcer erawh kum 50 chunglam zingah a hluar thung.

(3) Duodenal ulcer leh gastric ulcer  te hi  mipa-ah a hluar zawk ve ve.    

(4 )Duodenal ulcer hi H-pylori Infection vang te, acid-pepsin tam lutuk vang te,  mei zial zuk leh zu in nasat vangte in a lo awm thin. Tin, blood group 0 nei zingah a awm duh bik.

                                    Gastric ulcer erawh H-pylori vangin a lo awm thei a, mucus-barrier tihchhiat vang te, gastritis, bile reflux, drugs, zu leh meizial zuk vang te in a lo awm thin.                                     

(5) Duodenal ulcer-ah chuan  thisen hloh nasat te, gastrointestinal tract pawp ( perforation) te, chaw kawng hnawh phui te leh cancer te hial a lo thleng thei thin a ni.  Gastric ulcer-ah erawh  cancer thlenna chance a sang lem lo.

(6) Duodenal ulcer-ah chuan  chaw ei apiangin a na/ a thip a dam thin; Gastric ulcer-ah erawh chaw ei apiangin a thip em em thung.

(7) Duodenal ulcer-ah chuan zan mutnaah a na/ thip em em thin; Gastric ulcer-ah erawh a na lem lo.

(8)Duodenal ulcer-ah chuan luak ( vomitting) a awm ve lem lo; Gastric ulcer-ah erawh a awm.

(9) Duodenal ulcer-ah chuan thi-a luak ( haematemesis) a hluar lutuk lova; Gastric ulcer-ah erawh a hluar hle thung.

(10) Duodenal ulcer-ah chuan rihna a tlahniam  ngai lem lo; Gastric ulcer-ah erawh a tlahniam thin thung.

(11) Duodenal  ulcer nei tan ei tur chung changah fimkhur a tul ve lem lo; Gastric ulcer nei tan erawh fimkhur tur a ni.

(12) Duodenal ulcer-ah chuan pum dinglam hi khawih/hmeh hian a na veng veng thin a; Gastritis ulcer-ah erawh  pumpui chung lam zawn ( epigastric area)  hmeh hian a na thung.

(13) Duodenal ulcer hi sik leh sa danglam zelah a nihphung a danglam ve zel thin a; Gastric ulcer erawh  a danglam ve ngai lo.

(14) Duodenal ulcer hi rilru hah nei te zingah a hluar zawk a; Gastric ulcer erawh kut hnathawk nasa te zingah a hluar zawk thung.

TREATMENT:      Pumpui ulcer nei te tan chuan damdawi uluk taka ei hi a enkawl dan tha a ni mai.  Damdawi  hnathawh dan tlem a zawng  i lo tarlang ang-

1.Pumpui-in acid a siam hnem lutuk tur thunun turin. Eg. Cimetidine, Misoprostol, omeprazole , pirenzepine, etc.

2.Acid thur chiah dal turin. Eg. Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium hydroxide, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium trisilate, etc.

3.Ulcer protective. Eg. Sucralfate, CBS.

4.Anti-H.pylori drugs. Eg. Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole, Tinidazole, etc.

Bonus: Ulcer  damdawi  chi hnih Sucralfate leh Antacid te hi an hnathawh an inthai chhiat tawn avangin a kawpa ei hian an chakna an hloh thin a; chuvang chuan  a mala ei  hi a tha zawk a ni.